The Cold War
Homework Chapter 26
Answer both the Short Answer and the Review Questions; the vocabulary has been provided for you to study. Submit your answers to the Dropbox labeled Chapter 26 Homework. I will provide answers to you after your submission for you to use to study. You will be graded on your effort. By submitting the work, you are agreeing that this is your work and you have not worked with another student or copied their work. You may submit up to the deadline but NO LATE WORK WILL BE ACCEPTED.
Short Anwer Questions (these will be the basis for the short answer on the test
1. Why did relations between the United States and the Soviet Union deteriorate after World War II? (pp. 865-875)
2. How did the Korean War shape American foreign policy in the 1950s? (pp. 887-892)
Review (these questions will be the basis for the multiple choice questions)
1. What was the intense rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States, that had developed by 1947, called?
2. What impact did World War II have on the Soviet Union?
3. What was Joseph Stalin’s primary goal after World War II?
4. What allowed the United States to emerge from World War II as the most powerful nation in the world?
5. Why did Joseph Stalin feel that U.S. foreign policy after World War II was hypocritical?
6. What did British prime minister Winston Churchill suggest about the Soviet Union in his iron curtain speech of 1946?
7. The U.S. government’s policy of containment was first implemented when President Truman asked Congress to send military and economic missions and $400 million in aid to ____________________.
8. How did the European nations use most of the funds provided by the American Marshall Plan of 1948?
9. How did President Truman respond to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 and 1949?
10. Why did President Truman approve the development of a hydrogen bomb in 1949?
11. What was the purpose of the National Security Act of 1947?
12. Why was the National Security Council established?
13. The peacetime military alliance created by the United States, Canada, and Western European countries to deter attacks from the Soviet Union was the _____________________________.
14. Why was the Central Intelligence Agency established?
15. What occurred with the flight of the Chinese Nationalists from China in 1949?
16. How did the U.S. government respond to the fall of the Nationalist government in China?
17. What prompted the United States to end its official occupation of Japan after World War II?
18. What was President Truman’s initial response to the Israeli declaration of statehood in 1948?
19. What was the purpose of the Employment Act of 1946?
20. How did the GI Bill help to boost the U.S. economy after World War II?
21. How did the experience of World War II influence African American veterans returning from overseas?
22. Describe the executive order President Truman issued in 1948 during his reelection campaign.
23. What did the founding of the American GI Forum in 1948 and subsequent efforts by Mexican Americans to challenge their segregation in public schools demonstrate?
24. What accounted for Harry Truman’s victory in the presidential election of 1948?
25. Who was the most infamous crusader against communism after World War II?
26. What happened to many federal employees during the anti-Communist scare of the late 1940s and early 1950s?
27. What triggered the U.S. military action in Korea in 1950?
28. Describe President Truman’s decision to deploy 1.8 million troops in the Korean War without a formal declaration of war from Congress.
29. What was unique about Truman’s authorization for General MacArthur to lead his troops across the thirty-eighth parallel in Korea?
30. Whom did Eisenhower select as his running mate in the presidential election of 1952?
Vocabulary: Basis for identification questions on the test. You will be given the term to define.
Cold War: Term given to the tense and hostile relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1947 to 1989. The term cold was apt because the hostility stopped short of direct armed conflict.
Iron Curtain: Metaphor coined by Winston Churchill in 1946 to demark the line dividing Soviet-controlled countries in Eastern Europe from democratic nations in Western Europe following World War II.
Containment: The post-World War II foreign policy strategy that committed the United States to resisting the influence and expansion of the Soviet Union and communism. The strategy of containment shaped American foreign policy throughout the Cold War.
Truman Doctrine: President Harry S. Truman’s commitment to “support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures.” First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947, it became the justification for U.S. intervention into many countries during the Cold War.
Marshall Plan: Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II. Between 1948 and 1953, the United States provided $13 billion to seventeen Western European nations in a project that helped its own economy as well.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): Military alliance formed in1949 among the United States, Canada, and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat. It represented an unprecedented commitment by the United States to go to war if any of its allies were attacked.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): Agency created by the National Security Act of 1947 to expand the government’s espionage capacities and ability to thwart communism through covert activities, including propaganda, sabotage, economic warfare, and support for anti-Communist forces around the world.
Taft-Hartley Act: Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that amended the Wagner Act and placed restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
Housing Act of 1949: Law authorizing the construction of 810,000 units of government housing. This landmark effort marked the first significant commitment of the federal government to meet the housing needs of the poor.
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC): Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with Communists or other radicals. It was one of the key institutions that promoted the second Red Scare.
Korean War: Conflict between North Korean forces supported by China and the Soviet Union and South Korean and U.S.-led United Nations forces over control of South Korea. Lasting from 1950 to 1953, the war represented the first time that the United States went to war to implement containment.
NSC 68: Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival required a massive military buildup. The Korean War brought nearly all of the expansion called for in the report, and by 1952 defense spending claimed nearly 70% of the federal budget.
……………………Answer preview……………………………
What was the intense rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States, that had developed by 1947, called?
The Cold War
What impact did World War II have on the Soviet Union?
World War II killed more than 20 million Soviet citizens
What was Joseph Stalin’s primary goal after World War II?
Ensure friendly governments on its borders with Eastern Europe……………………………
APA
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