The number one cause of liver disease in children and adolescents in the US is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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1. NAFLD
The number one cause of liver disease in children and adolescents in the US is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (Hays & McGinnis, 2018). Obesity is the cause of an increasing rate of liver disease. Risk factors for NAFLD besides obesity include hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. NAFLD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (Hays & McGinnis, 2018). Pediatric screening should start between 8-11 years old for children who are obese BMI > 95th percentile; 9-11 years old who are overweight BMI >85th percentile (Hays & McGinnis, 2018). Early identification of risk factors and lifestyle modifications can improve patient outcomes.
2. Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic Cancer (PC) in the US has increased over the last 10 years and accounts for 3% of all cancers (Lo, 2018). Men have a higher prevalence of PC than women and its greater in African Americans than Caucasian Americans. PC only has a 5 year survival rate of 8%, while 5% to 10% of cases are genetic or familial 90% are sporadic (Lo, 2018). Newly diagnosed diabetes individuals are considered high risk for pancreatic cancer and should be screened. Approximately half of those with PC also have diabetes and symptoms for PC may not present until later in the disease progression. It is impractical to screen all individual with new onset diabetes for PC those at high risk should be identified screened. Early detection of cancer improves outcome and could be reduce mortality.
Unfortunately, there currently lacks a cost effective early screening biomarker for PC.
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