High taxation and public spending

CONVERGENCE,DIVERGENCE,AND GLOBAL ENLIGHTENMENTS

1. What factor led the English to attempt to kill off entire Native American peoples?
A. The English relied on black slaves and wanted Native Americans’ land.
B. Native Americans provided a good labor source for the Spanish.
C. Native Americans had vast wealth to exploit for tribute.
D. The Native Americans’ large populations were a direct threat.

2. The state that Europeans came to eye like greedy creditors around a rich man’s deathbed was the _______ Empire.
A. Austrian
B. Ottoman
C. Persian
D. Russian

3. What practice was key to the success of the Mughals in ruling over India?
A. High taxation and public spending
B. Low taxation and a reliance on self-initiative
C. Moderate taxes and public spending
D. An emphasis on peaceful relations between states

4. What Old World product became widely popular in Eurasia only once it was cultivated in the New World?
A. Tobacco
B. Cacao
C. Potatoes
D. Sugar

5. One of the most effective forms of resistance that slaves employed against their masters was
A. open rebellion.
B. earning money to buy their freedom.
C. working slowly.
D. not having children.

6. What occurred virtually every time Natives and Europeans came into contact?
A. Deadly diseases were transmitted to the Natives
B. Large successful settlements were created
C. Deadly diseases were transmitted to Europeans
D. Wars broke out
7. The Treaty of Westphalia of 1648
A. ended the wars of religion through a policy of tolerance.
B. ended civil wars throughout Europe.
C. came close to establishing the power of the Roman Church in England.
D. gave rulers the right to impose their religion upon their subjects.
8. For most people, the religious revival of the eighteenth century focused on
A. individual study of the scriptures.
B. feelings and enthusiasm.
C. a scientific and reasoned approach to faith.
D. returning to organized religions that had successfully dealt with public corruption.

9. Ignatius Loyola was a
A. priest who became a leader of the Inquisition in Spain.
B. wandering ascetic who founded the Franciscans.
C. disillusioned monk who founded the Dominican Order.
D. soldier who founded the Jesuits.
10. The French philosopher Voltaire was attracted to Confucianism because he
A. felt that it pointed to an alternative to absolute monarchy.
B. believed it promoted universal access to education.
C. found it full of material he could ridicule in his satirical writings.
D. regarded it as substitute for organized religion.
11. Which of the following European land empires expanded its territory most aggressively in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?
A. Mughal India
B. Russia
C. China
D. Ottoman

12. By 1800, the number of African slaves that had been imported to the Americas was about _______ million.
A. 6
B. 7.5
C. 4
D. 2.5

13. What common trend occurred in most regions from the mid sixteenth century to the late seventeenth century?
A. The downfall of many large empires
B. A decrease in wealth in the world
C. Extension of land exploitation
D. A decline in the slave trade

14. Although Chinese emperors were theoretically unlimited in their authority, during the reign of the emperor Zhengde his administration
A. went on strike.
B. insisted that he go on a military campaign.
C. joined a violent rebellion against him.
D. deposed him.

15. The Americas didn’t provide Europeans with added
A. natural resources.
B. labor.
C. land.
D. technological skill.
16. Which of the following best explains the lack of cholera outbreaks in Japan?
A. Their tradition of tea drinking
B. Their use of human waste as fertilizer
C. Their culture of strict personal hygiene
D. Early introduction of sewage treatment plants
17. What was the main motivating factor for European maritime expansion in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?
A. To spread Christian values
B. To conquer other empires or nations and take away local control
C. To increase economic opportunity
D. To seek out new lands for increasing populations

18. Peter the Great’s decision to move the capital of Russia to St. Petersburg reflects the shift of power in Europe to the
A. east.
B. south.
C. north.
D. west.

19. What was a key discovery during the early sixteenth century that made regular trade possible across the Atlantic Ocean?
A. Monsoonal winds
B. Longitude
C. The Gulf Stream
D. Square sails

20. Religious reform in Mongolia under Altan Khan was guided by
A. Muslim scholars.
B. Jesuits.
C. Tibetan Buddhists.
D. Hindu priests.
FRUSTRATIONS OF PROGRESS;CHAOSAND COMPLEXITY

1. Which of the following did reformers first try to end in the slave industry?
A. The trade in slaves itself
B. The culture of slavery in North America
C. Slavery in Caribbean agriculture
D. Liberation and compensation of slaves

2. The term quantum mechanics refers to the study of
A. astronomy.
B. cosmology.
C. molecular chemistry.
D. subatomic particles.

3. The greatest extension of the frontier of food production in the 1800s occurred in what areas?
A. The rice paddies of China, Japan, and Vietnam
B. The steppes in Asia
C. The sub-Saharan areas of Africa
D. The open lands of South America, North America, and Australia

4. Quinine was essential for the expansion of imperial powers because of its
A. value for flavoring and preserving food.
B. usefulness in fighting malaria.
C. value as a base for cosmetics.
D. role as a military weapon.
5. One of the consequences of rapid urbanization and the creation of enormous cities has been
A. a drop in literacy rates.
B. a decrease in the number of manufacturing jobs.
C. a rise in living standards for the poor.
D. the creation of gangs and criminal organizations.

6. Which of the following was not an innovation that came about due to militarization in the 1800s?
A. Factory production of bread
B. Larger farms
C. Canned food and milk
D. Margarine

7. Many of Henri Bergson’s followers were made hopeful by his writings because he argued that
A. truth isn’t that which is real, but that which we choose to believe.
B. God doesn’t exist and everything is permissible.
C. we should accept our existence as the only possible foundation for our life choices.
D. we retain the freedom to create a future that differs from the one predicted by scientists.

8. Comte de Gobineau, a French anthropologist, argued that human beings
A. could be classified by race, with the French at the top and Asians at the bottom.
B. were all the same, regardless of race.
C. could be classified by race, but non-Europeans who adopted European culture could evolve to a higher state of being.
D. could be classified by race, with the whites at the top and blacks at the bottom.
9. The San hunters of southern Africa weren’t overwhelmed during the nineteenth century because they
A. were moved to reservations where they could be protected.
B. live in a harsh environment.
C. were protected by a treaty.
D. managed to effectively fight off Western colonists.

10. According to the work of anthropologist Franz Boas,
A. the concept of cultural relativism is wrong.
B. people of different cultures think differently due to their diet.
C. some societies and peoples are more evolved than others.
D. no race is superior to any other in brain power.
11. The Suez Canal, built in 1869 largely by French engineers and French capital, was significant because it
A. gave Egypt an agricultural advantage by putting hundreds of thousands of new acres under cultivation.
B. reduced travel time from Europe to India from months to weeks.
C. connected the Mediterranean with the Persian Gulf.
D. connected the Nile with the Red Sea.
12. The purpose of Commodore Perry’s mission to Japan in 1853 was to
A. explore and map the Japanese homeland.
B. bring the message of Christianity into Japan.
C. persuade the Japanese to open their ports to trade.
D. create an American colony in Japan.

13. A primary cause for the development of time standards for the entire globe was
A. the telegraph.
B. a desire for uniformity.
C. the railroads.
D. European imperial domination.

14. During the nineteenth century, which of the following countries experienced a decrease in industrial production?
A. Japan
B. India
C. China
D. Britain

15. The main goal of the Habsburg Empire in World War I was
A. expanding its territories.
B. preserving its overseas colonies.
C. containing its national minorities.
D. forcing the British to allow it more freedom of the seas.

16. Hydroelectric power requires
A. public enthusiasm.
B. a large river that can be dammed.
C. large open spaces with high winds.
D. significant amounts of sunlight.

17. The Helsinki Agreement of 1975 pledged its signers to recognize
A. democracy as the best political ideology.
B. capitalism as the best economic system.
C. a respect for human rights.
D. the need for nuclear disarmament.
18. With regards to the mining and agriculture industry, in the nineteenth century, which of the following statements is false?
A. Large companies tried to be paternalistic to keep workers from rebelling
B. Specialization became more common
C. Reliance on export crops provided peasants a more reliable source of income
D. Private investment grew
19. Most of those who fear globalization worry that it will lead to
A. Americanization.
B. a new Europeanization of the globe.
C. cultural diversity.
D. a plural world.

20. Even greater than their use for human food, fish are a vital source of
A. fertilizer.
B. lamp oil.
C. lotions and creams.
D. industrial lubricants.

…………………………..Answer preview…………………………

The state that Europeans came to eye like greedy creditors around a rich man’s deathbed was the _______ Empire.

Ottoman

What practice was key to the success of the Mughals in ruling over India?
High taxation and public spending

What Old World product became widely popular in Eurasia only once it was cultivated in the New World?
Potatoes……………………………

APA

856 words