Compare and contrast the relationship of environmental factors to the rise and fall of complex civilizations

1) States developed independently in very different environmental settings. Environmental factors can both stimuli or constraints to the development and sustainability of ancient states.

Compare and contrast the relationship of environmental factors to the rise and fall of complex civilizations in at least two civilization areas. How do climate, geography, geology, plant and animal species, agricultural potential, resource abundance or scarcity affect the development of states in each region?

Billman,BrianR.“IrrigationandtheOriginsoftheSouthernMocheStateontheNorth

CoastofPeru.”LatinAmericanAntiquity ,vol.13,no.04,2002,pp.371–400., doi:10.2307/972222.

Mawhood,Philip.“StateFormationinTropicalAfrica.”InternationalPoliticalScience Review,vol.10,no.3,1989,pp.239–250.,doi:10.1177/019251218901000306.

OlatundeJ.B.Ojo.“NigeriaandtheFormationofECOWAS.”International Organization,vol.34,no.4,1980,pp.571–604.JSTOR ,JSTOR,www.jstor.org/stable/2706513 .

Spencer,CharlesS.,andElsaM.Redmond.“PrimaryStateFormationinMesoamerica.”AnnualReviewofAnthropology ,vol.33,no.1,2004,pp.173–199., doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143823.

See if these help !

zeder_2012_biodiversity_in_ag (1

zeder_2006