capital budgeting

Question 1: The three most important considerations in capital budgeting for long-term, high-expense projects are planning, evaluation of alternatives, and financing. These considerations should be a visible part of any strategic investment plan. Planning includes carefully considering the potential pay-offs and risks of a project. The evaluation of alternative projects or programs comes about through applying appropriate decision-making techniques. Because of the long-term life and high expense of capital projects, proper financing usually necessitates effective debt management. In this Discussion, you ascertain how capital investment decisions are made in a specific organization. Then, you recommend a major capital investment for this organization and analyze the potential pay-offs and risks associated with it.

Post by Day 4 a brief description of a major capital investment, e.g., property, buildings, building additions, equipment, software, or technology that will last more than a year, that you might recommend for the organization. Then, analyze its potential pay-offs and risks, and explain how the organization might mitigate those risks.

Be sure to support your posting and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.

READINGS

Mikesell, J. L. (2014). Fiscal administration: Analysis and applications for the public sector (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.
- Chapter 7, “Capital Budgeting, Time Value of Money
- , and Cost-Benefit Analysis: Process, Structure, and Basic Tools” (pp. 299–337)
- Chapter 15, “Debt Administration” (pp. 634–675)

300 words APA format and text citationQuestion 2:

Reproductive rights remain a controversial issue, not only in the United States, but in many countries around the world. Although formal laws address this issue at the federal and state levels, it would be shortsighted to view this conversation as occurring only within the hallways of government. In fact, perhaps no issue has galvanized more stakeholders in recent times than reproductive rights. Institutions, religious groups, grassroots organizations, women’s rights organizations, and international bodies such as the United Nations have weighed in on reproductive rights around the world. In short, there is perhaps no better issue to examine how external stakeholders can impact a social issue than the scope of reproductive rights and its short-term and long-term future.

Go to the Virtual Community to visit external stakeholders. You will identify a stakeholder and articulate a reproductive-rights policy position that the stakeholder is likely to assume. Explain why you believe that the stakeholder would assume that policy position. Consider possible alternatives to the policy position assumed by the stakeholder you identified.

Note: Please be respectful of your colleagues’ positions. This is not a morality determination on reproductive rights but rather a conversation about policy positions taken by stakeholders in the abortion rights controversy.

READINGS

Anderson, J. E. (2015). Public policymaking: An introduction (8th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
- Chapter 2, “The Policy-Makers and Their Environment” (pp. 73–77)
Guess, G. M., & Farnham, P. G. (2011). Cases in public policy analysis (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
- Chapter 5, “Pricing and Public Policy: The Case of Cigarette Taxes” (pp. 239–274)

Caron, D. J., & Giauque, D. (2006). Civil servant identity at the crossroads: New challenges for public administrations. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 19(6), 543–555.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Marsh, T., Fischer, M., & Montondon, L. (2013). Government’s new normal: A changing role for auditors.The Journal of Government Financial Management, 62(3), 12–17.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Note: The following links help provide more information about the various stakeholders and their position on reproductive rights.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2013). The limits of conscientious refusal in reproductive medicine. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 385. Retrieved fromhttp://www.acog.org/~/media/Committee%20Opinions/Committee%20on%20Ethics/co385.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20140415T2241542410
An Act to Amend Title 16 of the Delaware Code Relating to Invasive Medical Procedure Facilities, Del. State Senate Bill 140. 147th Del. General Assembly (2013). Retrieved fromhttp://www.legis.delaware.gov/LIS/lis147.nsf/vwLegislation/SB+140/$file/legis.html?open
Center for Reproductive Rights. (n.d.). The world’s abortion laws 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2014, fromhttp://worldabortionlaws.com/
Note: The Center for Reproductive Rights has produced the World’s Abortion Laws map to visually compare the legal status of abortion across the globe. The interactive map is updated in real time to keep pace with changes in how countries are protecting—or denying—women’s reproductive freedom.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Preventing pregnancies in younger teens. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/young-teen-pregnancy/index.html
Guttmacher Institute. (n.d.). Resources: Abortion. Retrieved April 29, 2014, fromhttp://www.guttmacher.org/sections/abortion.php
Johnston’s Archive. (2014). Historical abortion statistics, Delaware (USA). Retrieved fromhttp://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion/usa/ab-usa-DE.html
Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act, H.R. 1797, 113th Cong. (2013). Retrieved fromhttp://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/1797/text
Parental Notice of Abortion Act, 70 Del. Laws, c. 238, § 1. Retrieved April 29, 2014, fromhttp://delcode.delaware.gov/title24/c017/sc08/index.shtml
Planned Parenthood Action Fund, Inc. (n.d.).Types of attacks. Retrieved April 29, 2014, fromhttp://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/issues/state-attacks-womens-health/types-attacks/
Saltzman, W. (2013, April 9). Delaware abortion clinic facing charges of unsafe and unsanitary conditions. WPVI-TV Philadelphia. Retrieved from http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?id=9059172
Sexuality Education Training Institute. (2013). Delaware teen reproductive rights. Retrieved fromhttp://sexed4rl.com/Delaware_Teen_Repro_Rights.pdf
Vatican. (n.d.). Catechism of the Catholic Church. Retrieved April 29, 2014, fromhttp://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a5.htm
Document: Final Project: Policy Analysis Paper Guidelines (PDF)

MEDIA

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012). Virtual community: Reproductive rights [Interactive media]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

300 words APA format; text citation

………………Answer preview…………………

Capital investment decisions must be made carefully because they determine the success of a given project or the failure as a result of poor decisions made. The process of making an effective capital investment decision should include the following steps.

The first one is to identify the project and to collect the necessary information needed. This helps in defining the project and understanding important concepts in the project. The next step is analyzing the project and the information collected. In this step the management should understand why the project is important and why it should be given a chance. The objectives are laid down and the necessary resources needed identified. In this process the management prepares the needed budget and when all the analyses have been conducted the next step is implementation………………………………………..

APA

710 words