Bay of Pigs invasion

Homework Chapter 29
Answer both the Short Answer and the Review Questions; the vocabulary has been provided for you to study. Submit your answers to the Dropbox labeled Chapter 29 Homework. I will provide answers to you after your submission for you to use to study. You will be graded on your effort. By submitting the work, you are agreeing that this is your work and you have not worked with another student or copied their work. You may submit up to the deadline but NO LATE WORK WILL BE ACCEPTED.

Short Answer Questions (these will be the basis for the short answer on the test)
1. Why did Kennedy believe the engagement in Vietnam was crucial to his foreign policy? (pp. 971-977)
2. Why did massive amounts of airpower and ground troops fail to bring U.S. victory in Vietnam? (pp. 978-982)

Review (these questions will be the basis for the multiple-choice questions)
1. What was the objective of the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961?
2. Describe the outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion.
3. Why did East Germany erect a wall between East and West Berlin in 1961?
4. Describe the thirteen-day Cuban missile crisis of 1962.
5. How did the Cuban missile crisis affect the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev?
6. Why, despite $1 billion in aid and seven hundred U.S. military advisers committed by the Eisenhower administration, was the situation in South Vietnam still so unstable when President Kennedy took office?
7. What was the flaw in American officials’ assumption that the U.S. military’s superior technology and power would defeat the Communist forces in South Vietnam?
8. What was the purpose of the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
9. What led Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964?
10. What did the initiation of Operation Rolling Thunder in February 1965 indicate?
11. Why did American military officials begin calculating their progress in body counts and kill ratios in Vietnam in 1965?
12. Who constituted about 80 percent of American troops in Vietnam?
13. By 1968, what was the impact of the Vietnam War on the South Vietnamese people?
14. In 1965, who organized the first major protest in the United States against the Vietnam War?
15. What was the impact of the American movement to stop the Vietnam War?
16. What was one of the practical arguments made by protesters against the Vietnam War?
17. How did the FBI involve itself in the peace movement during the Vietnam War?
18. By early 1968, what position did Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara had come to what conclusion about the Vietnam War?
19. What happened during the Tet Offensive of January 1968?
20. What made the Tet Offensive an important turning point for President Lyndon Johnson?
21. What did the “Vietnamization” of the Vietnam War in 1968 demonstrate about the United States?
22. What happened shortly after peace negotiations for the war in Southeast Asia began in Paris in May 1968?
23. What was the result of the U.S. policy of détente with the Soviet Union?
24. Why were the Helsinki accords of 1975 controversial?
25. Which nation seized the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, and West Bank after winning the Six-Day War in 1967?
26. What actions by the Nixon administration resulted in the Arab nations launching an oil embargo against the United States in 1973?
27. How did Lieutenant William Calley deal a severe blow to the Nixon administration’s Vietnam policy?
28. What was the final outcome of the Vietnam War in Vietnam itself?
29. What does the War Powers Act of 1973 stipulate?
30. How did many of the returning veterans of the Vietnam War feel?
Vocabulary: Basis for identification questions on the test. You will be given the term to define.

Bay of Pigs: Failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba by anti-Castro forces in 1961 who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro’s government. The disaster humiliated Kennedy and the United States. It alienated Latin Americans who saw the invasion as another example of Yankee imperialism.

Apollo program: Project initiated by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to surpass the Soviet Union in space exploration and send a man to the moon.

Berlin Wall: Structure erected by East Germany in 1961 to stop the massive exodus of East Germans into West Berlin, which was an embarrassment to the Communists.

Peace Corps: Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education, health, a and other projects in developing countries around the world. More than 60,000 volunteers had served by the mid-1970s.

Cuban missile crisis: 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba. In a negotiated settlement, the Soviet Union agreed to remove its missiles from Cuba, and the United States agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey.

Agent Orange: Herbicide used extensively during the Vietnam War to destroy the Vietcong’s jungle hideouts and food supply. Its use was later linked to a wide range of illnesses that veterans and the Vietnamese suffered after the war, including birth defects, cancer and skin disorders.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: Resolution passes by Congress in 1964 in the wake of a naval confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin. It gave the president virtually unlimited authority in the conducting the Vietnam War. The Senate terminated the resolution following outrage over the U.S. invasion of Cambodia in 1970.

Tet Offensive: Major campaign of attacks launched throughout South Vietnam in early 1968 by the North Vietnamese and the Vietcong. A major turning point in the war, it exposed the credibility gap between official statements and the war’s reality, and it shook Americans’ confidence in the government.

Détente: Term given to the easing of conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Nixon administration by focusing on issues of common concern, such as arms control and trade.

Helsinki accords: 1975 agreement signed by U.S., Canadian, Soviet, and European leaders, recognizing the post-World War II borders in Europe and pledging the signatories to respect human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Six-Day War: 1967 conflict between Israel and the Arab nations of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. Israel attacked after Egypt had massed troops on its border and cut off the sea passage to Israel’s southern port. Israel won a stunning victory, seizing territory that amounted to twice its original size.

Pentagon Papers: Secret government documents published in 1971 containing an internal study of the Vietnam War. The documents further disillusioned the public by revealing that officials harbored pessimism about the war even as they made rosy public pronouncements about its progress.

………………………….Answer preview………………………………

What was the objective of the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961?
Overthrow Cuban Nationalist Fidel Castro’s socialist government.

Describe the outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion.
It was a failure that was an embarrassment for the Kennedy administration

Why did East Germany erect a wall between East and West Berlin in 1961?
Stop the mass exodus of East Germans to West Berlin………………….

APA
966 words