Types of Assessment
Types of Assessment
Diagnostic
-It assess a student’s strengths, weaknesses knowledge and skills prior to instruction.
-Advantages: -Establishes a baseline for the class -Allows for better differentiation plans for the students -Provides a frame of reference for later assessments Disadvantage: -It may cause an educator to make incorrect inferences about a child’s ability level
-This assessment is for learning. In kindergarten at the beginning of term I would use flashcards with the alphabet to see if they know the sounds of letters and they can blend them together and sound them out. Kindergarten in China ELL’s.
Source: https://www.teachingchannel.org/questions/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-diagn/?utm_source=newsletter20151114/
Formative
Assesses a student’s performance during instruction and usually occurs regularly throughout the instruction process
Advantages: They are not graded, which takes the anxiety away from students. They serve as a practice for students to get assistance along the way before the final tests. Teachers usually check for understanding in the event that students are struggling during the lesson. Teachers address these issues early on instead of waiting until the end of the unit to assess. Disadvantages: Could happen there is not time to finish lesson. Teachers may lack training or professional development on how to use formative assessments successfully because, historically, assessments are completed at the end.. students may not take the assessments seriously, which may cause teachers to misread feedback from students.
Assessment of learning. Quizzes, dictations, memory games for phonics.
Source: http://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/assessment/6-types-assessment-learning/
Summative
Measure a student’s achievement at the end of the instruction.
Advantages
They provide motivation for students to study and pay attention in class. They also give great insight to teachers: if none of the children in a class score above a 2 or 3 on an AP exam, it is much more likely to be the result of poor or off-topic instruction than a class of students unable to complete the work.
Assessment of learning. After a theme we always let students do a summative assessment. In kindergarten we will have a game where students can show how much they have learned. For example for theme sports children have to create their own sport and play it with peers.
Disadvantages
Many instructors are accused of “teaching to the test.”As a result, summative assessment is not always the most accurate reflection of learning.
Source: http://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/assessment/6-types-assessment-learning/
Performance-based
It measures students’ ability to apply the skills and knowledge learned from a unit or units of study. It challenges students to use their higher-order thinking skills to create a product or complete a process.
Advantages Using a student-centered design can promote student motivation. Can be used to assess transfer of skills and integration of content. Engages student in active learning. Encourages time on academics outside of class. Can promote student creativity. Usually the most valid way of assessing skill development Disadvantages Usually the mostly costly approach. Time consuming and labor intensive to design and execute for faculty and students. Must be carefully designed if used to document obtainment of student learning outcomes. Grades can be more subjective. Requires careful training of raters;
Assessment of learning.Examples of these measurements are open-ended questions, written compositions, oral presentations, projects, experiments, and portfolios of student work. As for kindergarten level we make pictures, constructions with blocks, 3D posters, art.
Source: https://www.scribd.com/doc/49749305/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-Performance-based-assessment
High-stakes
high-stakes test is any test used to make important decisions about students, educators, schools, or districts. Its purpose is to ensure that students are enrolled in effective schools and being taught by effective teachers.
Advantages: High-stakes test results can be used to help teachers create a learning plan based on your kid’s needs—helping her in the long run. Look at your child’s test results as a tool for progress, not as a judgment on ability or intelligence. Data from statewide testing is almost always publicly available. Disadvantages: High stakes exams can cause anxiety, but yearly testing and frequent practice tests can help kids improve their test-taking abilities over time. High-stakes tests cause any subject that isn’t math or language arts to be pushed out of the classroom. Pressure on teachers can clamp down on creativity and innovation.
Assessment of learning. Papers given by school where children have to write are typical of this assessments. They get a picture of a cat and they need to write the word.
Source:https://www.education.com/magazine/article/high-stakes-testing-pros-consm http://edglossary.org/high-stakes-testing/
Portfolio
It is a collection of student work that has been selected and organized to show student leaning progress or students best work.
Advantages: They require students to continuously reflect and perform self-evaluations of their work. They are individualized and promote communication. Disadvantages: Lack of a standard for a portfolio, an inherent bias based on individual assessments and a lack of access to the larger portion of the student population of a campus. Portfolios are usually a collection of a student’s work online, including papers, writing and exercises that were assigned as coursework
Assessment of learning. Portfolios are very used in PreK. Each work we make is kept in it. Not only for students to keep track but especially for parents to monitor their children’s performance.
Source: https://www.geneseo.edu/sites/default/files/sites/education/p12resources-portfolio-assessment.pdf https://www.geneseo.edu/sites/default/files/sites/education/p12resources-portfolio-assessment.pdf
Authentic
An approach to measure student performance in a direct, relevant way to see if the learning objectives were met.
Advantages: Connects students with real life(life is not measured with multiple choice). Combines teaching, learning and assessment to promote student learning and engagement. Disadvantages: Provides subjective scoring (especially compared to standardized assessment). Limits skills and knowledge assessed.
Assessment of learning. For kindergartners we can read a story and students in group have to perform it using the vocabulary taught.
Source: https://prezi.com/krvztfzwdc5t/pros-and-cons-of-authentic-assessment-and-standardized-testi/
Self-assessment
It requires students to reflect on their own work and judge how well they have performed in relation to the assessment criteria. The focus is to provide opportunities for them to be able to identify what constitutes a good (or poor!) piece of work
Advantages: It can provide the teacher with very practical and functional information about what students want from the course, the progress that they have made, their difficulties, their favorite activities or even some suggestions or improvements that the teacher can implement later on. It helps students to think about their own learning, learning progress and problems, and then, find ways to improve. If well answered, self- assessment is a very efficient method of getting information. Disadvantages: Lack of maturity. Some students are not ready to have a self-assessment task, mostly because they aren’t aware of the seriousness or importance of the process; therefore they tend to give themselves a higher grade, which alters the final result. It can also happen the other way around, but we believe that this is the most common. Self-assessment only works if students have been trained to self-assess themselves. It implies knowledge about language and learning which most second language learners d
Assessment for learning. The only way I can think of self assessment is giving them a quiz and let them correct by themselves, being given the answers. Assessment becomes even more relevant when students become involved in their own assessment. Students taking an active role in developing the scoring criteria, self-evaluation, and goal setting, more readily accept that the assessment is adequately measuring their learning. Advantages: It can provide the teacher with very practical and functional information about what students want from the course, the progress that they have made, their difficulties, their favorite activities or even some
Source: https://www.reading.ac.uk/engageinassessment/peer-and-self-assessment/self-assessment/eia-self-assessment.aspx
Peer-assessment
In peer assessment, a collaborative learning technique, students evaluate their peers’ work and have their work evaluated by peers. Often used as a learning tool.
Advantages: external motivator to work harder and perform better. Students care what their peers think of them. Learners’ self-perceived academic competence and self-esteem are more powerfully affected by their peers’ evaluation than by their teacher’s. Functions as a collaborative learning experience, especially when the assessor is expected to give formative and qualitative feedback. When assessor and assessed are encouraged to discuss differences in opinions and look for implications and solutions together. Disadvantages: Students generally initially question the ability of peers to assess their work, and the value of the feedback received. Students tend to view themselves and their peers as too inexperienced to be making accurate and fair assessments of their work. This is especially true when students are receiving grades based on peer feedback
Assessment for learning. At their 5/6 years old there has to be some intervention of the teacher as children are not ready to assess. Normally what I do after an activity, I swap quizzes and write the answers on the board so students can check their peers work.
Source: http://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/assessment/6-types-assessment-learning/
Finally, include a one-page reflection on how your understanding of the way assessment, curriculum, and instruction work together to improve learning outcomes has developed as a result of your readings:
Reading:
Fair isn’t always equal by wormeli 2018
Answer preview to Types of Assessment
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