Determine how to manage dyspnea in patients with heart failure.
1. Determine how to manage dyspnea in patients with heart failure. Write down strategy for determining what information is currently known and formulate a research question(s).
2. For the following research questions, write a directional, a nondirectional, and a null hypothesis:
Does message decrease anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization?
Does mouth care in intubated adult patients decrease ventilator-associated pneumonia?
Are maternal–infant bonding behaviors affected by the performance of initial newborn infant physical examination?
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