Theories and Conceptual Models from Nursing and Related Field
Theories and Conceptual Models from Nursing and Related Fields for use in Advanced Nursing Practice
Theory in organizational research is considered being in crisis where there is a problem presented and researchers attempt to find a solution (Cronin et al., 2021). Theories ask questions, question the status quo, help seek out the most meaningful and plausible answers, and help build logical structure or narrative for the questions and the answers (Butts & Rich, 2017). Conceptual models in nursing help engage thinking and give direction and meaning to nursing research (Fawcett & Gigliotti, 2001). Nursing is built on theories and conceptual models and has driven our care since the beginning and continues into advanced practice. Theories and conceptual models are focused on the ability of the nurse to provide quality and competent care for that patient. Wilson et al. (2015) notes the importance of the use of theories and conceptual models in APN practice because of the unique position that the APN holds in contrast to other healthcare professions. Having the ability to think outside the typical biomedical model while treating patients is what allows the APN to stand out, helping us to care for the patient as a whole and not just a disease. Having a knowledge base of theories and conceptual models allows APNs to think outside the box, interpreting information that is presented to us differently.
A theory that is significant to carry into APN practice is the Theory of Human Caring by Jean Watson. Watson’s goal of the theory was to help present nursing in a way that showed it was its own distinct entity, discipline, a profession, and science in its own right, which is separate but also complementary to medicine (Butts & Rich, 2017). This theory supports the idea of the important, unique role that the APN has in medicine. The human caring theory presents the important aspect that when the APN is caring for a patient that every patient is unique in their own way with a different life history, experiences that help to generate a subjective reality, or social norms (Butts & Rich, 2017). The patient is treated as a unique individual with the APN taking the time to gather important background information or even current barriers that would affect treatment or compliance.
Another important theory and conceptual model is the understanding that a patient cannot be separated from their environment. The theory of Unitary Human Beings by Martha Rogers states exactly this. Roger’s view in this theory was that humans were viewed as irreducible wholes that were integrated with their own environments. This concept is also something that is taught early on in our nursing education. We must consider all the environmental factors that are present with the patient and adjust our education, teaching, and care for each individual patient. This specific theory can be applied directly to the APN in practice. We must see and understand any barrier or environmental factor that is present for each patient prior to teaching, prescribing or just treating an individual (Butts & Rich, 2017).
These theories and conceptual models help to guide the APN in promoting improved health, overall wellbeing, and proper and effective treatment for the patient. Each patient must be seen as their own individual entity to be effectively treated or managed.
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