Discuss the concept of the Columbian Exchange.

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Use your own words to write the essays.

A. Discuss the concept of the “Columbian Exchange.” Explain the impact of European contact on the native populations in South, Central, and North Americas. Compare and contrast the Spanish, French, and English settlements in North America. What was being exchanged between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (North America)? Describe the clash of two cultures. Who benefited from this exchange and who did not?

B. Why did indentured servants come to North America and what was their function in society? Describe their labor and living conditions and how they responded to such a life. Why and how were indentured servants replaced? Explain the Triangular Atlantic Slave Trade and the experiences of African slaves along the “Middle Passage.” What social and economic impact did slaves have on Southern society?

C. Why did the British tax the colonists after the French and Indian War? Why did the colonists reject the new tax policies? How did Massachusetts become a “rebel” colony and what was the British reaction? How and why did the colonists declare independence against British rule? What were some of the Continental Army’s challenges during the war? What was the turning point of the war and why? Finally, how did the Americans manage to defeat the British?

D. Discuss the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Why did our “founding fathers” replace the Articles? What agreements were made at the Constitutional Convention of 1787? What were some of the challenges toward ratifying the Constitution? Explain James Madison’s role. Finally, analyze the historical implications of the Constitutional Convention and determine how the Constitution advances the emergence of a more sustainable society.

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